مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی سبزوار
سال بیست و هفتم شماره 1 (پیاپی 108، فروردین و اردیبهشت 1399)

Intravenous regional anesthesia is a technique developed by the use of tourniquet and intravenous injection of anesthetic drug in the distal areas of the surgical region of the limbs. The aim of this study was to compare the onset of anesthesia induced by two methods of lidocaine use in regional intravenous anesthesia of the upper extremity.

This single-blind clinical trial study was performed on 40 patients who referred to Bohlool hospital in Gonabad for forearm surgery. Samples were randomly divided into two receiving 40 ml lidocaine 0.5% and 20 ml lidocaine 1%. The research tool was a Researcher-made checklist and a Visual Analoge Scale (VAS). Fisher's exact test, independent and pair t-test were used for data analysis at a significance level of less than 0.05.

The results showed that the interval between the injection of anesthesia until the start of complete anesthesia was significantly shorter in the 20 ml lidocaine 1% recipient group compared to the 40 ml lidocaine 0.5% recipient group (p0.05).

Regional intravenous anesthesia is induced by 20 ml lidocaine 1% faster than 40 ml lidocaine 0.5%.Keywords: Lidocaine, Intravenous, Regional anesthesia, Upper extremity

Obesity in children and adolescents and adults is one of the most serious public health concerns in the 21st Century. Meanwhile, adolescence is an important stage in creating healthy eating habits, which is usually maintained until the end of life. The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between dietary patterns with body mass index in adolescents female in Urmia.
In this study, 453 female students were selected by multi-stage sampling. Anthropometric indices including height, weight and waist circumference were measured using standard methods and calibrated instruments. The usual food intake was determined using a semi-quantitative FFQ.
In this study, three major dietary patterns were identified among female students. The "traditional" pattern included fruits, nuts, dried fruits, can and jams, pickles, tea and coffee, honey, vegetables, and sweets. The "high protein" pattern included legumes, organ meats, fish, egg, red meat, high-fat dairy products, cereals, and vegetables. The pattern of "fast foods and salty snacks" included the high-consumption of soft drinks, fast foods, salty snacks, sweets, sugars and juice. High protein dietary pattern [(second tertile compared to first one: (OR = 1.8, 95% CI = (1.1 - 3), P = 0.016) and third tertile compared to the first one: (OR = 1.6, (95% CI = 1.01- 2.7, P = 0.046)] were directly related to underweight. This significant association was maintained in the multiple logistic regression model (Tertile 2 vs. tertile 1: OR = 1.66, 85% CI (1.15-2.39), P = 0.048).
The results of this study show that a high protein diet was associated with an increased risk of underweight.

The Compton scattered annihilation gammas between PET detectors reduce spatial resolution by making an incorrect Line of Response. This paper, by presenting a new method, tried to remove these errors from PET imaging. In this way, the detectors were insulated so that scattered gammas from a detector can not enter other detectors of the PET ring.

First of all, the Siemens PET BiographTM 6 scanner ring was simulated and then all detectors of this ring were isolated to resolve this error and investigate its impact on the Response Function of PET detectors.

The analysis of the results of simulation showed that, the isolation of PET detectors reduced counts of detectors in the energy window, especially at the lower threshold (350 to 400 keV). This reduction with a spherical soft issue was less than without that. So that the maximum of the relative percentage difference for counts of detectors between connect and disconnect them was 70% (in 400 keV) and 12% (in 350 keV) in the absence and presence of soft tissue, respectively.

Although the isolation of the detectors boosted the resolution of PET, it removed some true coincidences and reduced the sensitivity of PET; there for, it did not have much effect on image quality of PET. Also, a slight decrease in the count, with the soft tissue, shows the greater effect of the isolation of PET-detectors in improving image quality in abdominal imaging in comparison with other imaging such as head and neck imaging.

One of the most important factors causing musculoskeletal disorder is awkward body posture during work. Ergonomic interventions to improve working posture are essential. Participatory approach is a new field in the planning and implementation of interventions. This study compared posture of employees working for a manufacturing company before and after the intervention using participatory ergonomics approach.

A quasi-experimental study was carried out on descriptive analyzes of 30 employees of car cable Manufacturing Company. This research was carried out in five stages including: 1. Ergonomics assessment of working postures by REBA assessment method; 2. Training all stuff and workers involved in ergonomics program; 3. Participatory planning of ergonomics interventions; 4. Interventions; and 5. Postural reassessment after interventions.

The results were analyzed using Wilcoxon, Sign and Mc Nemar test. The results of this study showed improvement of the posture in the neck, trunk, arms and wrists. Also, comparison of overall score and ACTION LEVE related before and after intervention was significant (P <.05). The greatest effect was on trunk postures (20 cases) and arms (20 cases), followed by wrists (7 cases), neck (6 cases), forearms (3 cases) and feet (1 case) respectively.

The present study shows that a participatory approach to ergonomic intervention can be effective in significant improvement of posture.

Lipid nano-carriers with slow release and semi-targeted delivery of the drug can reduce some of the challenges of drug delivery to cancer cells. The aim of this study was to prepare and evaluate physiochemicals of various formulations of the liponiosomal system containing doxorubicin in order to achieve targeted formulation in order to better fight cancer cells.

Nano-carriers were synthesized using different molar ratios of structural elements such as Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, Cholesterol, Sorbitan ester and 3 out of 5 synthesized formulation were chose based on encapsulation efficiency. Then, in order to determine the final formula, release profiles comprised by dialysis and spectroscopy methods. The final formula was PEGylated by using DSPE-mPEG(2000) in order to investigate its effects on encapsulation efficiency and release profiles in healthy and cancerous cells simulated environment. Physiochemical characteristics such as size, zeta potential, Polydispersity Index(PDI), IR spectrum, and morphology were identified.

The final PEGylated formula encapsulating doxorubicin had 102.9 nm size, 94.17±3.21% encapsulation efficiency, -6.67 mV zeta potential and 0.128 PDI. The maximum release rate of the drug for this nano-carrier in healthy and cancerous within 48 hours was 24.43% and 26.81% respectively. IR and morphological investigations showed no chemical interaction between drug and nanocarrier and the particles are spherical in shape.

The result of this research indicates that the PEGylated liponiosomal system, having the appropriate physiochemical properties, has not changed the chemical nature of drug and thus can be a suitable and semi-targeted carrier for doxorubicin.

Klebsiellapneumoniae is an opportunistic pathogen causing nosocomial infections. The prevalence ESLBs is increasing worldwide. β-lactam antibiotics are among the most common antimicrobial agents in controlling and treating bacterial infections. The aim of this study was to determine the role of CTX-M-2,CTX-M-8 and CMY-2 genes in K. pneumoniae strains and to prevent antibacterial resistance in β-lactamase producing K. pneumonia isolated from Tehran hospitals.

In the current study, 60 clinical samples were collected from different hospitals in Tehran and were identified by biochemical tests. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using disk diffusion method according to CLSI2016. Multiplex-PCR was used to detect beta-lactamase genes.

In this study, the highest and lowest resistance rate were against ampicillin and amikacin, respectively. Among 60 samples, 33, 8, and 25 isolates harbored the CMY-2, CTX-M-2, and CTX-M-8 genes, respectively. Statistical analysis by SPSS software showed a significant correlation between the studied genes and antibiotic resistance (p value<0.05).

These findings revealed the high prevalence of multi drug resistant and β-lactamase -producing K. pneumoniae isolated from hospitals which suggest a major public health problem in Iran.

Alzheimer's disease is of major concern all over the world due to a number of factors including (i) an aging population (ii) increasing life span and (iii) lack of effective pharmacotherapy options. Aromatic small molecules have been found to play a neuroprotective role by inhibiting and/or modifying the self-assembly of peptide or proteins into oligomers and fibrils, which are linked to the pathogenesis of the diseases. In this study, the inhibitory effects of 1,3, 5 triphenyl benzene as an aromatic molecule on aggregation and neurotoxicity of hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) was investigated.

Acidic pH and high temperatures were used to drive the protein towards amyloid formation. Lysozyme was dissolved at 2 mg/mL in 50mM glycine buffer (pH 2.5), and then incubated at 57 °C for the specified durations. The inhibitory effect of the compounds against hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) fibrillation using AFM (atomic force microscope), ThT (thioflavin T), Congo red and MTT assay was investigated.

We found that the compounds is able to inhibit HEWL aggregation in a dose-dependent manner with IC50 0.1 µM. Kinetic study of the compound caused lag phase prolonged and stationary phase decreased and also cytotoxic activity of HEWL aggregates in presence of the compounds was diminished.

These observations suggest that 1,3,5 triphenyl benzene is capable to insert directly into amyloidogenic core of early aggregates and inhibiting amyloid fibril formation.

There are many chemicals in Portland cement including crystalline Silica. Workers’ exposure to cement airborne particles containing Free Crystal Silica may cause some serious diseases. This study was carried out to evaluate Free Crystal Silica particle concentration in the workers’ breathing zone in a cement factory in the Khorasan Razavi province.

The concentration of free Crystal Silica of respirable cement particles was evaluated on 42 sample of workers in different sections of a cement factory in the Khorasan Razavi province in 2018. Sampling of respirable particles was conducted based on standard method of MDHS101/2 recommended by NIOSH, using a personal sampling pump, a cyclone and a filter. Filters were weighed using an accurate microbalance with one microgram precision. Filter was analyzed by XRD method for determination of free crystalline silica.

The mean workers’ exposure to cement respirable particles was 3.75±4.09 mg/m3 and the average concentration of free silica in cement respirable particles was 0.12±0.3 mg/m3 in all studied sections. On average, 69 percent of workers were exposed to free silica higher than OEL. Maximum average of exposure to free silica (0.54 mg/m3) was observed in stone crushing section and the minimum average exposure was observed in Raw mill section (0.03 mg/m3).

Workers exposure to respirable cement particles and free crystalline silica in respirable particles were higher than national and international exposure limits. There is a relationship between temperature and respirable particle concentration. Regarding high exposure of workers to free crystalline silica respirable particle concentration.

Scope: According to the role of beta-alanine in buffering, this study aimed to investigate the effects of chronic beta-alanine ingestion on rowing performance.Materials & Twenty-four elite male rowers (age:23.4 ±3.3 years, height: 186.1± 7.9 cm, body fat percentage: 8.9 ± 2.1) randomly divided into beta-alanine (40 milligrams. Kilogram-1 body weight per day), placebo (dextrose) or no-supplement for 21 days (n=8). After evaluating Volume of O2 maximum (VO2max) and velocity in VO2max (vVO2max), test of 6 min rowing ergometer for assessing mean power output, mean velocity in 6 minutes rowing maximum (vRmax) and Time at vRmax (TvRmax), and test of 6min ergo rowing with 90% of vRmax were executed in a pre- posttest procedure Power output (P), time to exhaustion (TvRmax), lactate concentration (LA) and heart rate (HR) were recorded from ergo rowing. For analysisng the outputs, ANOVA was utilized. Significant differences were shown in power output in 6 min@24str, vRmax (p= 0.00), TvRmax and LA in Post-test between beta-alanine and placebo or control (P= 0.00 and P= 0.04 respectively). It can be concluded that ingesting beta-alanine might delay lactate accumulation and increases time to exhaustion in rowing performance.

The H9N2 influenza virus is of great importance due to the wide range of hosts due to gene rearrangement, which facilitates the possibility across of the Inter-species barrier. This study demonstrates useful information on the homogeneity of the H9N2 strain of avian influenza virus in Iran with other influenza viruses in Pakistani and Israeli birds for years to come, which emphasizes the need for continuous surveillance of the influenza virus genes and the evolution of strains of the strains in the region. The present study was conducted on the 10 isolates NS gene sequence of the H9N2 influenza virus strain from 2007-2016. After amplification by RT-PCR and genome extraction, the genes were completely Sequencing (it was carried out with the same primer used for gene amplification) and then phylogenetic analysis. All of these 10 isolates were included in allele A under the Korean lineage with amino acid motif KSEI in the PDZ ligand, which shows the similarity of Pakistani virus genes to C of Iran. H9N2 viruses are not highly pathogenic, But by transferring to mammalian species like humans, they cause mild illness .These viruses, in addition to connecting to poultry receptors, have the ability to connect to receptors similar to human type strains with changes in amino acids.

The consumption of bottled water in various parts of the world have significantly increased. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical, chemical and microbial quality of bottled waters in Hamadan in 2016.

This research is a descriptive cross-sectional study, that was carried out on 5 popular brands and 40 randomly selected samples, in which 20 types of physical, chemical and microbial characteristics were investigated. All data were analysed using the statistical software package, SPSS 20.0 and descriptive statistics.

The results showed that none of the samples had microbial contamination and passed the required standards. Total dissolved solids (TDS) content are lower than the minimum values required by the Food and Drug Administration (500 mg/L). The differences between the measured and labeled values was investigated using paired t-test. Based on the results, there were differences between the measured and labeled values for all parameters, where for the parameters of nitrite, TDS and chloride it was significant, while for the rest of the parameters it was not significant. The mean values of the parameters were also compared with the standard values using one sample t-test.

For the most samples, the assessed parameters were consistent with the standards, however, for the few number of samples which violates from the standard values it was also important in terms of the possible health impacts, thus should be taken into consideration.

Saponaria officinalis have various saponin isoforms. Saponin is a ribosome-inactivating protein (RIP). The SO9 isoform of saponins depurinates the adenine 4324 in the preserved GAGA sequence resulting in impairment of protein production. In this study, the S09 isoform was expressed in E. coli and its antibody titers were evaluated in Mouse.

The S09 gene was synthesized and isolated from the pUC57-S09 recombinant plasmid using the restriction enzymes BamH1 and Sal1, and then cloned in the expression vector pET28a(+). Expression of the new recombinant protein was induced by IPTG. The recombinant S09 protein was purified by Ni affinity chromatography. The recombinant protein was confirmed through western blotting. The Mouse were vaccinated through intraperitoneal injection of the purified protein and serum IgG titer was measured through ELISA.

Subcloning of S09 gene in the pET28a(+) expression vector was confirmed by PCR and enzymatic digestion. The presence of 29 kDa protein band in SDS-PAGE showed the high expression of recombinant protein. The recombinant S09 protein was detected by polyclonal antibody. After injection of the protein to the test groups, the antibody titer was measured by ELISA.

The adjuvant property and immunogenicity of the purified recombinant S09 antigen showed that this antibody can be used to detect the presence of S09 in Saponaria officinal is, as a candidate for vaccine, for production of diagnostic kits, and in human cells anticancer studies.

Social capital is one of the variables influencing the economic, social and health development of society. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine the social among Iranian university students.

This study is a cross-sectional study. The statistical population of this research includes all students of Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2017. 367 people were selected randomly using the Cochran sampling formula. In order to collect the data, the Delaouiz Social Capital Questionnaire (2005) was used along with a number of underlying variables. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were used for face validity and Cronbach's alpha, respectively. Also, for analyzing the data, spss17, and one-way ANOVA, t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used.

Social capital in this research with an average of 91/54 was moderate. The results showed that the students had the lowest level of in the dimension trust (10.97) and in the group's participation with the average (17.47) had the highest social capital. Also, there was no significant relationship between age, college, sex and marital status with social capital. But the variables of employment status, educational level, and residence status had a significant relationship with social capital.

Social capital can affect the mental and social health of students as well as their level of scientific and social progress. Therefore, attention to the social capital of students and its promotion should be one of the main goals of the authorities of the university and society.